Friday, 16 September 2016

SOLECKSHAW - CSIR’s Solar Solution to Street Steering by Dr P. Cheena Chawla

Unquestionably, the plight of poor rickshaw-pullers who pedal all day long, all for a meager income that barely sustains their families, is pathetic. But not any longer, thanks to CSIRs path-breaking work in designing solar powered, non-polluting modern rickshaw that is poised to erase forever the poverty and drudgery so deeply linked to this occupation. Christened as Soleckshaw the new avatar of the old rickshaw this unique vehicle is a product of the research efforts of CSIR scientists working at the Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute (CMERI), Durgapur. The credit goes to the scientific team of this project at CMERI, comprising the Principal Investigator, Mr. A. J. Banerjee, and other key players, namely Mr. Palash

Maji, Mr. P. S. Banerjee and Mr. Sankar Karmakar.
Prior to cycle rickshaws of the present day, runner-pulled rickshaws were in vogue that personified helplessness and sheer submission to such unhealthy practice. In fact, the word ‘rickshaw’ has originated from the Japanese word jinrikisha which means ‘human-powered vehicle’.  Soleckshaw has come to the rescue of millions of rickshaw-pullers in the country, for it promises to reduce the human effort in steering the vehicle while being a faster means of transport than the traditional rickshaw and is also environment-friendly.
Soleckshaw is one of the classic examples that testifies CSIR‘s commitment to translate its meaningful technologies into relevant products and services for the common man through the CSIR 800 initiative — a pragmatic approach of reaching out to 800 million economically weak, less privileged people of the country. Soleckshaw is a promising product of CSIR that has born out of this vision.
Solekshaw has been so designed that mere manual ‘pedal pushing’ of rickshaw would get transformed to ‘driving’ a rickshaw as the latter is equipped with a solar-powered electric motor that assists the pedal drive.  Having a battery panel and a specially designed 240-350 W, 36-volt solar battery-powered electric motor, weighing about 5 kg, this new rickshaw effectively harnesses solar energy that actually brings movement to the vehicle's chain drive. The rear wheels of soleckshaw are manually driven while the front wheel is driven by the motor, which is mounted on the wheel. The specifically designed brush less direct-current (BLDC) motor has been developed for the first time in India by the Crompton Greaves based on the specifications provided by CMERI. The motor is having a proper braking system. Plying in Durgapur, Delhi-NCR,  Chandigarh, Jaipur, Ranchi, Kolkata and Ahmedabad, Soleckshaw is slowly making its presence felt in different parts of the country.
Reducing the effort made by its driver to minimum, Soleckshaw can carry a load of as much as 200 kg that is about two or three passengers. It also has a sturdier frame and is equipped with FM radio, while having power-sockets for charging mobile phones during the ride. The solar battery, weighing around 15 kg, is placed under the passenger’s seat. Interestingly, the ‘pedicab’ has additional features like head-light, a tail lamp and indicators. It also has a low footboard that is user-friendly especially helpful for children, senior citizens and the disabled.  With a top speed of 15 Km per hour, a fully charged solar battery of Soleckshaw can ferry passengers for up to 50-70 Kms that is quite impressive. 
However, this design of rickshaw does not have a solar charging mechanism integrated into it, which is why replenishing/charging stations, which house the solar panels, are needed for the purpose of recharging the batteries. A battery takes about 5-6 hours for charging. According to Dr Gautam Biswas, former Director, CMERI, setting up of solar charging stations is quite costly. The Central Electronics Limited, (CEL), a Govt. of India undertaking is authorized to set up such stations in India. The Kolkata-based INSILICA is also ready for setting up solar charging stations, where a used battery could be replaced with a charged one. On the other hand, solar panels can be added while manufacturing the Soleckshaws, but understandably, this would raise the cost of each rickshaw. Usually a 1 m x 1.5 m panel is capable of producing 300 W that is needed to power a Soleckshaw.
Apart from the chassis, the sub-assemblies that need to be manufactured include the differential drive, the special hub motor and the light weight solar panel. CSIR has so far transferred the license for manufacture of soleckshaws to many companies that include Modular Machines, Faridabad, Dean Systems, Kolkata; HBL Power Systems Ltd, Hyderabad and Stilam Automobiles Pvt Ltd., Gurgaon.
The main body structure of the scientifically-designed Soleckshaw has been customized in different models that suit different terrains and purposes. Unlike the existing rickshaws, Soleckshaw can be driven easily both on the plains as well as uphill, without any risk of imbalance. Moreover, different materials have been tested for optimising the most suitable design, thanks to the team of CMERI scientists working on this project tirelessly. The Mark I version of soleckshaw, designed and developed by CMERI was the one that was launched in Delhi in October 2008 by the then Hon. Chief Minister of Delhi, Mrs Sheila Dikshit and Mr Kapil Sibal, who was the then Minister of Science and Technology and Earth Sciences.

With focus on designing slimmer and lighter versions of soleckshaw, CMERI scientists have also developed the Mark II soleckshaw with one of its model having a solar panel on top. It is faster than Mark 1 model, as it can reach a speed of up to 30 Km per hour. A still advanced version, Mark III soleckshaw, is poised to be more spacious family vehicle having reclined seats and aerodynamic body. Besides reducing the physical stress of present-day rickshaw pullers and providing them a decent employment with higher economic returns, soleckshaw would help mitigate global warming as well, as this public transport vehicle is free from carbon dioxide emission and its large-scale use is poised to reduce our dependence on polluting vehicles like auto-rickshaws that use fossil fuels. 

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